Effectiveness of Mucoadhesive Patch with a Combination of Ethanol Extract of Green Betel Leaves, Areca Nut, and Gambir Seeds on the Number of Lymphocyte and Macrophage Cells in the Healing Process of Traumatic Ulcers (in Vivo)

Traumatic ulcers are oral cavity disorders caused by local trauma, often treated to reduce inflammation and speed up healing. Topical medications have limitations due to saliva interference, making mucoadhesive patches a more effective option. These patches using natural ingredients like ethanol extracted from green betel leaves, areca nuts, and gambir have shown therapeutic potential due to their rich phenolic content, which aids in healing. This study aims to prove the effectiveness of a combination of ethanol extracts from green betel leaves, areca nut seeds, and gambir in mucoadhesive patch preparations on the number of lymphocytes and macrophages in the healing of traumatic ulcers in Wistar strain white rats. The design of this study is a laboratory experiment with a posttest-only randomized control group. A total of ۱۸ rats with traumatic ulcers were divided into three groups: the positive control (K+) group was given gel application, the treatment (P) group was given a mucoadhesive patch with plant extract, and the negative control (K-) group was given a patch without active ingredients. On the third day, rat decapitation was performed for the preparation of histological specimens, HE staining, and counting of lymphocytes and macrophages using a light microscope with ۴۰۰x magnification. The research results show that the (K+) group has the highest average number of lymphocytes and macrophages, followed by the (P) and (K-) groups. The ANOVA test shows significant differences between groups (p<۰.۰۵), and the LSD test shows significant differences between the (K+) and (K-) groups as well as the (P) and (K-) groups, but there are no significant differences between (K+) and (P). The use of mucoadhesive patches combined with those three plant extracts effectively increases lymphocyte and macrophage cells, which stimulates phagocytic activity in ulcer healing, especially during the inflammatory phase.

کلیدواژه ها:

mucoadhesive patch ، green betel leaves ، Areca Nut ، gambir ، traumatic ulcers