Evaluating the Effects of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment on Cathepsin K Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Smokers and Non-Smokers

The study aimed to evaluate the levels of cathepsin K (CTSK) in the gingival crevicular fluid of smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Sixty adults with age (>۲۵ years) were randomly divided into three groups of ۲۰ subjects each, based on plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level as periodontally healthy (group ۱), non-smokers with chronic periodontitis (group ۲), and smokers with chronic periodontitis (group ۳). All the patients underwent scaling and root planing and were recalled after ۴-۶ weeks. GCF levels of CTSK were estimated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The cathepsin K levels were higher in non-smokers with chronic periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy patients. The mean cathepsin K value in smokers with periodontal disease was ۱۹.۲۱±۳.۵۰ (ng/ml), which was more than the mean of healthy controls, ۱۴.۰۳±۲.۸۶ (ng/ml); the value was statistically significant (p<۰.۰۰۱). The mean percentage reduction in the levels was ۳۱.۹۹±۳۶.۳۱ (ng/ml) and ۲۴.۳۷±۲۹.۹۹ (ng/ml) in non-smoking patients than in smoking patients with periodontal disease, respectively. But,  it was not statistically significant (P<۰.۷۰۶) between the groups. Cathepsin K levels increased in smokers than non-smokers, and periodontal therapy was effective in reducing its levels. The reduction was more in the non-smoking group than the smokers. Hence, cathepsin K could be a potential biological marker for disease progression in smokers.

کلیدواژه ها:

bone loss ، Cathepsin K ، Dental scaling ، Periodontitis ، Root planing ، smoking