Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Endophytic Fungi from the Indonesian Neem Plant Azadirachta indica A. Juss

Fungi that live within plant tissues are known as endophytic fungi. These fungi often produce bioactive compounds that have antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer effects. This study aims to isolate endophytic fungi capable of producing antimicrobial compounds from the neem plant's roots, barks, and leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss). Endophytic fungi have been discovered through direct planting and pouring. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) was utilized as a medium for the growth of fungi, and thirteen different isolates of fungi were discovered. Each fungal strain was grown on rice media for ۳-۴ weeks, and then the secondary produced metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extracts were analyzed for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities using agar diffusion method Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and Microculture Tetrazolium (MTT) methods. BSLT test results showed ۱۰ extracts classified as toxic with LC۵۰ < ۱۰۰ ppm, namely AIA۳, AIA۴, and AID۲. The MTT test results showed that all extracts could not kill MCF-۷ breast cancer cells. The antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extract was tested against E. coli, S. aureus, MRSA, and C. albicans. The antimicrobial activity test results showed three types of endophytic fungi, AIA۱, AIA۴, and AID. However, the three fungal isolates could not stop the growth of Candida albicans. The molecular identification results revealed that fungus isolates AIA۱ was Aspergillus niger, AIA۴ was Aspergillus oryzae, and AID۵ was Aspergillus sydowii. According to the findings of this study, endophytic fungus from Azadirachta indica A. Juss may produce antibacterial compounds that should be investigated further.

کلیدواژه ها:

Azadirachta indica A. Juss ، endophytic fungi ، Aspergillus niger ، Aspergillus sydowii ، Aspergillus oryzae ، Molecular identification