Molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori infection through in silico analysis of the babA Gene

Introduction The babA gene of H. pylori plays a critical role in pathogenesis and host interaction. This study investigates the phylogenetic relationships of babA among various H. pylori strains to uncover evolutionary lineages, adaptation mechanisms, and genetic diversity influenced by environmental and geographical factors. Methods A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the babA gene sequences from diverse H. pylori strains.The analysis employed the General Time Reversible (GTR) model with four rate classes, encompassing ۷۵۹ analyzed sites.Evolutionary distances were inferred, with specific focus on clustering, genetic divergence, and recombination events. Strain groupings and outliers were evaluated for shared ancestry and ecological adaptations. Results The phylogenetic tree revealed multiple clusters reflecting distinct evolutionary lineages. Early-branching strains such as AY۷۴۴۰۱۹.۱ and KP۳۳۹۴۱۲.۱ exhibited significant genetic divergence, suggesting unique evolutionary trajectories. Strains like MZ۴۰۹۷۹۱.۱ and KP۳۳۹۴۱۱.۱ showed close genetic similarity, implying recent common ancestry or shared ecological environments. Recurrent accessions, such as MZ۴۰۹۷۹۵.۱, in separate clades indicated potential recombination events. The robust analytical framework underscored evolutionary pressures and highlighted strain-specific adaptations, including longer branches linked to increased virulence or host-specificity. Discussion The babA gene's genetic diversity underscores its role in the success of H. pylori as a pathogen. Variability enhances host immune evasion and adaptability to diverse environments. The findings emphasize the importance of correlating phylogenetic patterns with clinical outcomes, such as disease severity and drug resistance. Future research integrating geographic and genetic data can provide deeper insights into H. pylori pathogenesis, guiding more precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing gastric diseases globally.

کلیدواژه ها:

H. pylori ، babA ، in silico