Presenting a Model of Resilience Based on Individual Factors: The Mediating Role of Emotion-Focused Coping Strategy

Purpose: The present study aimed to present a model of resilience based on individual factors and the mediating role of emotion-focused coping strategies. Methods and Materials: This research is descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population included all male and female undergraduate, master's, and doctoral students enrolled at the Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, in the academic year ۲۰۲۳-۲۰۲۴, totaling ۹,۵۵۰ individuals. The statistical sample size was determined using a single-stage cluster sampling method based on Morgan's table, accounting for a ۱۰% dropout rate, resulting in the selection of ۴۲۰ participants. The instruments used for data collection were the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor & Davidson, ۲۰۰۳), the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire (Paloutzian & Ellison, ۱۹۸۳), the God Attachment Questionnaire (Ghobari Bonab & Hadadi Kouhsar, ۲۰۱۱), the Davis Empathy Questionnaire (Davis, ۱۹۸۳), the Self-Compassion Scale (Raes, ۲۰۱۱), Lazarus and Folkman’s Coping Strategies Questionnaire (۱۹۸۰), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., ۲۰۰۱), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, ۱۹۶۵). Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) with SPSS ۲۲ and Smart PLS ۴ software. Out of the distributed questionnaires, ۳۹۸ were deemed analyzable. Findings: The data analysis results revealed that self-esteem, spiritual well-being, God attachment, emotional regulation, and empathy had direct effects on resilience, and indirect effects on resilience were mediated by emotion-focused coping strategies. However, self-compassion had a direct effect on resilience but did not show an indirect effect mediated by emotion-focused coping strategies. Overall, given that the Q² values for coping strategies and resilience were ۰.۱۶۲ and ۰.۳۸۰, respectively, it can be concluded that the model possesses predictive power for coping strategies concerning research variables and resilience. Conclusion: The final model, encompassing exogenous variables (self-esteem, self-compassion, spiritual well-being, God attachment, emotional regulation, and empathy), the mediating variable (emotion-focused coping strategies), and the endogenous variable (resilience), was tested using several fit indices, demonstrating the appropriateness and adequacy of the final model.

کلیدواژه ها:

Resilience ، emotion-focused coping strategy ، Self-esteem ، Cognitive emotion regulation ، Empathy ، self-compassion ، God Attachment