Application and operation of underwater sonars

Sonar technology has been developed over more than ۱۰۰ years. This article examines today's needs for sonar technologies, especially those that depend on their applications. Sonar applications for underwater activities such as seabed drilling, installation of cables and pipes, extraction of oil, gas and minerals at sea, hydrography, underwater archaeology, fisheries studies, marine applications such as anti-submarine warfare, mine and torpedo hunting, study of underwater structures in ports and examination of wreckage are discussed. In this article, in general, the capabilities, characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and type of use of sonar types, which are categorized in three modes: imaging, scanning and depth gauges and include single-beam sonar, multi-beam sonar, side sonar and futuristic ۳D sonar, are examined. And then the sonar positioning and navigation systems are also mentioned and analyzed.

کلیدواژه ها:

underwater sonars ، acoustic ، sonar ، Hydro-acoustic ، underwater sensors