Molecular mechanisms underlying the benefits of exercise in cancer

Background: The relationship between physical activity and cancer outcomes has garnered increasing attention, with emerging evidence suggesting that exercise may play a critical role in cancer prevention and treatment. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which exercise exerts its beneficial effects on cancer biology. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted, focusing on studies that explore the impact of exercise on key molecular pathways involved in cancer progression, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and immune modulation. Results: Exercise has been shown to influence several critical pathways, including the inhibition of the PI۳K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade, which is essential for cell survival and proliferation. Additionally, exercise promotes the secretion of myokines such as interleukin-۶ (IL-۶) and SPARC, which modulate inflammatory responses and enhance apoptotic processes in cancer cells. Regular physical activity also improves metabolic regulation, reducing insulin resistance and altering the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, exercise enhances immune function by increasing the mobilization and activation of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, contributing to improved anti-tumor immunity. Conclusions: The multifaceted benefits of exercise in cancer patients are mediated through complex molecular interactions that regulate tumor growth, inflammation, and immune response. Understanding these mechanisms not only highlights the potential of exercise as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy but also underscores the need for personalized exercise interventions in cancer care.

کلیدواژه ها:

Exercise ، Cancer Prevention ، Molecular Mechanisms ، Immune Modulation ، Apoptosis