Incidence of Type ۱ Diabetes Before and During the COVID-۱۹ Pandemic in Isfahan, Iran

Background: Studies suggest a potential global increase in the incidence rate of type ۱ diabetes (T۱D) following the SARS-CoV-۲ pandemic. This study aimed to assess the incidence of T۱D in Isfahan Province before and during the pandemic to better understand the situation in this population.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we determined the incidence rate of new-onset T۱D for the two years preceding the COVID-۱۹ pandemic (۲۰۱۸-۲۰۱۹) and during the two years of the pandemic (۲۰۲۰-۲۰۲۱). We also calculated incidence rates each year by sex and age groups (۰–۴ years, ۵–۹ years, ۱۰–۱۴ years, and ۱۵–۱۸ years).Results: The age-adjusted incidence rates (۹۵% CI) of T۱D in Isfahan were as follows: ۱۶.۳۸ (۱۶.۲۷-۱۶.۴۹) in ۲۰۱۸, ۱۳.۹۴ (۱۳.۵۱-۱۴.۳۵) in ۲۰۱۹, ۱۳.۱۷ (۱۲.۴۴-۱۳.۹۰) in ۲۰۲۰, and ۱۸.۰۹ (۱۷.۱۷-۱۹.۰۰) in ۲۰۲۱ per ۱۰۰,۰۰۰ children. The average annual percent change (APC) was ۹.۷%, with the highest APC of ۳۷.۳۴% in ۲۰۲۱. There was no statistically significant trend in T۱D incidence during the study period (P > ۰.۰۵). The frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was higher during the COVID-۱۹ period in ۲۰۲۰ and ۲۰۲۱ compared to ۲۰۱۸, with rates of ۵۴.۸۹% in ۲۰۲۱, ۵۲.۸۲% in ۲۰۲۰, ۵۲.۶۸% in ۲۰۱۹, and ۳۲.۴۹% in ۲۰۱۸ (P < ۰.۰۰۵).Conclusion: This research observed an increasing incidence rate of T۱D, particularly in the second year of the COVID-۱۹ outbreak. While other studies have also reported an increase in T۱D cases, the complex nature of T۱D development makes it challenging to draw definitive conclusions about the impact of SARS-CoV-۲ infection on T۱D onset.

کلیدواژه ها:

Type ۱ Diabetes Mellitus ، COVID-۱۹ ، incidence