Checklist of natural enemies of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, ۱۸۴۳) and Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis, ۱۹۱۴) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their host plant associations in India

The present study summarizes the predators and parasitoids of two species, the mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, ۱۸۴۳) and the turnip aphid Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis, ۱۹۱۴) infesting various food plants distributed in various states and union territories of India. These predators belong to four orders of the class Insecta: Coleoptera (Coccinellidae), Diptera (Chamaemyiidae, Syrphidae), Hemiptera (Anthocoridae, Geocoridae, Reduviidae) and Neuroptera (Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae), and one order of class Arachnida, the order Araneae (spiders) (۶ families). A total of ۱۰۰ species of predators were observed to feed on the mustard aphid on ۲۳ food plant species distributed in ۲۶ states/union territory of India. The greatest numbers of predators of both species belong to the families Coccinellidae (۴۷ species) and Syrphidae (۲۷ species). Four species of predatory bugs (Hemiptera), seven species of lacewings (Neuroptera) and fourteen species of spiders are reported to prey on Lipaphis erysimi in India. Most of the tritrophic associations (triplets, predators–preys–host plants) of these predators are reported from Uttar Pradesh (۹۸ triplets) followed by West Bengal (۵۸ triplets), Punjab (۵۳ triplets), Manipur (۴۸ triplets), Tripura (۴۰ triplets) and other states/union territories (less than ۴۰ triplets). A total of ۱۶ species of predators belonging to Coccinellidae, Syrphidae and Chrysopidae are reported to prey on Lipaphis pseudobrassicae only in seven states/union territory of India, mostly in Jammu and Kashmir. Two families of the parasitoids, Aphelinidae and Braconidae (subfamily Aphidiinae) parasitize L. erysimi in India. Aphelinidae is represented by ۵ species distributed in seven states/union territory and Braconidae by ۱۷ species on ۲۰ host plants in ۲۴ states/union territory of India. Most of the tritrophic associations (triplets, parasitoids–hosts–host plants) of these parasitoids are reported from Manipur (۱۵ triplets) followed by Uttar Pradesh (۱۱ triplets) and less than ۱۰ triplets in other states/union territories. Only two identified species of Braconidae were observed to parasitize L. pseudobrassicae in India on two host plant species distributed only in Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka and Punjab.

کلیدواژه ها:

Aphelinidae ، biocontrol ، Braconidae ، Chrysopidae ، Coccinellidae ، mustard aphid ، parasitoids ، predators ، spiders ، Syrphidae