An innovative method of using a CIS sub-layer in the HTL layerto increase the amount of mobility and check the simulation inSCAPS software

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a transformative technology in the field ofrenewable energy due to their high efficiency, low-cost fabrication, and adaptability to existingphotovoltaic systems. Standard PSCs demonstrate power conversion efficiencies (PCE) between۲۰–۲۵%, with short-circuit current densities (Jsc) of ۲۲–۲۵ mA/cm² and fill factors (FF) near۰.۸–۰.۸۴. However, the inclusion of copper indium selenide (CIS) as a doping material hasshown significant potential to enhance these metrics. By integrating CIS, the PCE can reach upto ۲۶%, with an increase in Jsc to approximately ۲۸ mA/cm², owing to improved chargetransport, reduced non-radiative recombination, and enhanced quantum efficiency. This studyhighlights the comparative performance of standard and CIS-doped PSCs, demonstrating howstrategic doping not only improves device efficiency but also addresses stability and scalabilitychallenges. These findings provide a pathway for advancing PSC technologies towardcommercial viability and broader deployment in sustainable energy systems.

کلیدواژه ها:

Perovskite ، CIS ، Spiro-OMeTAD ، Scaps ، mobility