A Review of Novel and Significant Long Non-Coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in Colorectal Cancer Progress

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide and represents a significant public health concern. Given its complexity, further research is needed to elucidate the role of signaling pathways, particularly those involving long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). LncRNAs, which are non-coding RNAs exceeding ۲۰۰ nucleotides in length, are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and play a crucial role in gene regulation. Altered expression of LncRNAs has been implicated in multiple diseases, including CRC, where they affect key cellular signaling pathways. In this regard, the upregulation of C۶ORF۱۷۶, CASC۹er۳۵e, ESCCAL-۱, FBXL۱۹-AS۱, FGD۵-AS۱, FOXD۳-AS۱, LBX۲-AntisenseRNA۱, SLCO۴A۱-AS۱, and HOTAIRM۱, as well as the downregulation of RP۱۱-۴۶۲C۲۴.۱ and RPL۳۴-AS۱, has been linked to CRC progression. The urgency of CRC screening is underscored by its increasing incidence, with ۱۴% of cases diagnosed in individuals under ۵۰ years of age in ۲۰۲۱ and ۴۰–۴۵% of cases reported in adults in ۲۰۲۰ and in ۲۰۲۲, according to the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN), there has been ۱.۱۴ million new diagnosed colon cancer and this number is projected to reach ۱.۹۹ million by ۲۰۵۰. Moreover, the annual global incidence surpasses ۱.۹ million new cases, particularly in Europe, Oceania, and North America. The development and spread of CRC may be mitigated by targeting key pathways such as cAMP/CREB, AKT/mTOR/EMT, Wnt/β-catenin, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of novel LncRNAs associated with CRC, focusing on those that have been relatively underexplored. Our findings highlight their potential as both therapeutic targets and research tools, contributing to selective treatment strategies and further investigations aimed at expanding our understanding of CRC pathogenesis.

کلیدواژه ها:

Colorectal cancer ، Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNA) ، Oncogenesis ، Biomarkers