The Association Between Vitamin D Serum Level and Severity of COVID-۱۹: A Cross-sectional Study

Background and Purpose: This study aimed to determine the association between vitamin D serum levels and the severity of COVID-۱۹ in Iran.  Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on ۱۲۱ COVID-۱۹ patients referred to Kowsar Hospital of Semnan City, Iran, in ۲۰۲۲. The patients were assigned to the mild/moderate (n=۸۰) and severe (n=۴۱) COVID-۱۹ groups. The data collection tool was a checklist that included demographics, clinical variables, and laboratory parameters extracted from the medical file and interviews with the patient. Also, patients’ serum vitamin D level was measured using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Data were entered in Stata software, version ۱۴ and analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. P<۰.۰۵ were considered significant. Results: The mean age of severe and mild/moderate groups were ۶۷.۶۶±۱۶.۱۵ and ۴۸.۵±۱۸.۷ years, respectively. About ۶۱% and ۵۵% of mild/moderate and severe groups were male. The multivariate logistic regression model showed vitamin D (odds ratio [OR]=۰.۵۵; ۹۵% CI, ۰.۴۲%, ۰.۸۳%) is the most important factor predicting the severity of COVID-۱۹ so that, for one ng/mL increase in vitamin D level, the odds of contracting the severe form of COVID-۱۹ decreases by about ۴۵%.  Conclusion: The present study shows that low vitamin D levels may increase the risk of severe COVID-۱۹. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.

کلیدواژه ها:

Vitamin D ، COVID-۱۹ ، Cross-sectional study ، Iran