Advances in Biomedical Engineering: Perinatal Stem Cells for Craniofacial Bone Tissue Engineering

With a focus on MSCs, ESCs, and iPSCs, perinatal stem cell research uses tissue engineering to enhance craniofacial bone regeneration. These perinatal stem cells, come from extraembryonic tissues, have characteristics similar to those of adult and embryonic stem cells. They are immunoprivileged and multipotent. Utilizing cells with such attributes is essential for craniofacial bone tissue engineering and transplantation, requiring rapid proliferation, differentiation, and minimal immune rejection. Notably, hiPSCs and hUCMSCs show potential in bone regeneration, outperforming hBMSCs. The lack of standardized isolation and culturing techniques limits the utility of ASCs in bone tissue engineering and hinders clinical application. Using growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone tissue engineering aims to address challenges in craniofacial reconstruction. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in the process by encouraging the angiogenesis —the formation of new blood vessels. In animal experiments, dental stem cells, including DPSCs, PDLSCs, and TGSCs, show a significant capacity to form bone tissue. However, there are obstacles to overcome in practical use. Investigation is required to boost the utilization of dental stem cells for critical size bone abnormalities and improve effectiveness in clinical settings.

کلیدواژه ها:

Perinatal stem cells ، Craniofacial bone regeneration ، MSCs (Mesenchymal Stem Cells) ، ESCs (Embryonic Stem Cells) ، iPSCs (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells) ، Bone tissue engineering