Biochemical compositions of Allium stipitatum Regel. under the influence of different geographical conditions of Iran

Introduction: Mosir, scientifically identified as Allium stipitatum Regel, stands as a perennial plant within the Amaryllidaceae family. In the realm of plant species, the Amaryllidaceae family carries notable significance as a rich source of sulfur and antioxidants (Marrelli et al., ۲۰۱۹). Iran offers optimal environments that foster the growth and prosperity of species within this plant family. The therapeutic properties of Mosir are predominantly associated with the presence of allicin, a sulfur compound acknowledged as the primary antibacterial element in the plant. The antioxidant characteristics of Mosirs are attributed to phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids found in the plant, which play a vital role in improving general well-being and fortifying the body's defenses against oxidative stress (Pizzino et al., ۲۰۱۷). Mosir encompasses essential sulfur compounds like allicin, saponin, sapogenin, ajoin, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, and S-allyl cysteine. With the combination of phenolic and organosulfur compounds alongside allicin, the Mosir plant exhibits significant antioxidant properties that combat free radicals and inhibit lipid oxidation (Tony et al., ۲۰۱۵). In light of the noteworthy phytochemical features of the Mosir medicinal plant, the upcoming research endeavors to evaluate these traits in samples collected from the mountainous areas within the country's western regions, specifically emphasizing the provinces of Hamedan and Kermanshah. Materials and methods: Tubers of Mosir from five unique habitats were carefully identified and collected, spanning Asadabad, Bahar, Tuyserkan, Hamedan, and Kangavar in various parts of the Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces. Six medium-sized and healthy Mosir tubers from each ecotype were randomly selected and transferred to the laboratory. The allicin content in the Mosir samples was assessed utilizing a spectrophotometric technique that incorporated a blend of ۴-mercaptopyridine (Baghalian et al., ۲۰۰۵), while the total polyphenol content was measured using the Folin-Sio Calto method (Chen et al., ۲۰۱۳; Mlcek et al., ۲۰۱۵). The dry matter percentage of Mosir tubers was assessed by determining the fresh and dry weights of the tubers (Argyropoulos & Muller ۲۰۱۴). To measure the protein content in the samples, Bradford's method was employed along with bovine serum albumin (Bradford, ۱۹۷۶). The study was organized following a randomized complete block design with three replications, utilizing statistical software SPSS version ۱۹. Average comparisons were carried out using Duncan's multiple range test at a significance level of ۵%, while correlations were investigated through the Pearson test at significance levels of ۵%. Results and Discussion: The results of the analysis of variance for each of the examined characteristics unveiled a significant variation among different Mosir collection sites regarding attributes such as protein percentage, tuber dry matter percentage, and total polyphenol percentage, in contrast to the allicin percentage. The influence of the geographic location where Mosir is harvested holds substantial importance in terms of the protein percentage and total polyphenol trait at the ۱% probability level, while for the tuber dry matter percentage trait, significance is observed at the ۵% probability level. Following a mean comparison analysis utilizing Duncan's test on six tubers collected from five ecotypes, it was evident that Mosir plants in the Hamedan region showcased the highest protein content, contrasting with the lowest content found in Tuyserkan. The differences in protein levels among Mosir tubers may be attributed to variations in soil nitrogen content across different regions. Within the samples, Mosirs collected from Bahar demonstrated the highest tuber dry matter percentage, while those from Asadabad exhibited the lowest. The difference between the varieties, the place of growth, and the growing season causes the difference between the performance of the tuber dry matter. Interestingly, Mosirs from Bahar and Asadabad regions displayed the highest total polyphenol content, whereas the lowest total polyphenol percentage was observed in Mosirs originating from Hamadan. Researches have shown different results in the field of the relationship between the habitat and the climatic conditions governing it and the quantity and quality of effective compounds in plants. The amount of allicin in all five regions was found to be consistent, with no significant variances identified at the ۵% probability level, categorizing them into the same group.

کلیدواژه ها:

Allium stipitatum Regel ، Amaryllidaceae family ، Mosir ، allicin ، phenolic compounds ، antioxidant properties ، phytochemical features ، Hamedan ، Kermanshah ، spectrophotometric technique ، total polyphenol content ، protein content ، Duncan's multiple range test ، Pearson test ، variance analysis ، soil nitrogen content ، tuber dry matter ، climatic conditions ، effective compounds