How seeds are monitored in the gene bank

In the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran, the seeds of pasture and medicinal plants collected from different parts of the country are stored in the basic (-۱۸ degrees) and active (۴ degrees) cold storage after going through the stages of irrigation and measuring the moisture content, purity and determination of power germination. Keeping seeds in controlled conditions in terms of temperature and humidity increases their lifespan. But in the same conditions, after a period of ۵-۱۰ years, depending on the type of seed, the germination power of the seeds is lost and the deterioration of the seeds occurs. In order to prevent deterioration, it is necessary to remove the seeds from the gene bank every few years (۵-۱۰ years) and measure their seed vigour, so that if it is lost, the seeds are in the process of regeneration and after regeneration and production, new seeds replace lost seeds. And in this way, the genetic reserves protection program should continue. FAO/IPGRI (۲۰۱۴) Gene bank standards recommend the first monitoring for the seeds of the basic cold storage (-۱۸ degrees) with a germination percentage above ۹۰% after ۱۰ years. There are various methods to evaluate seed vigour. In recent years, new knowledge has been obtained from molecular biology, biotechnology, biophysics, seed and seedling imaging, which are known as minimally invasive methods (biological signals), that directly or indirectly evaluate the metabolic state of the seed (Yong-Bi et al., ۲۰۱۵). Seed vigour monitoring requires low-cost and high-precision methods, although non-invasive methods are fast and save time and accuracy, but they are not as accurate and simple as traditional methods, and biological methods require significant amounts of seeds to adapt and adjust signals, and this problem. For species that are at risk and have low seed quantity, it is more severe. Recently, a simple and fast non-invasive accurate method has been proposed, which includes the analysis of the pattern of seed coat tear (dehiscence) followed by the emergence of the embryo (Ling-Xiang et al., ۲۰۱۸).

کلیدواژه ها:

Monitoring ، Seed ، Gene Bank