The effect of hydropriming, biopriming ( Trichoderma spp) and seed coating with nano -chelate on length and dry weight of quinoa seedlings (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) under cadmium stress

Introduction: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an annual herb native to the Andes mountains in Bolivia, Chile and Peru, very digestible and a rich source of protein, iron, phosphorus, various vitamins and omega-۳ Quinoa is a multipurpose plant that has recently been used in the human diet as a substitute for animal products as a source of protein (Angeli et al., ۲۰۲۰). Cadmium (Cd) causes high toxicity in contaminated soils. The level of cadmium contamination in Iran has increased from ۰.۱۵ to ۳.۴۶ milligrams per kilogram of soil, which indicates an increase in soil cadmium contamination (Xin et al., ۲۰۲۳). Seed pre-treatment (Priming) is one of the solutions that seeds are physiologically and biochemically prepared for germination in the face of environmental environmental conditions, which includes hydropriming, osmopriming, hormopriming, halopriming and biopriming (Mahmoudi et al., ۲۰۱۹). This research aims to investigate the effect of hydropriming, biopriming (Trichoderma spp) and coating seeds with nano Chelation on the germination indicators of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) under cadmium stress. Materials and methods: In order to investigate the improvement of the germination of quinoa seedlings (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) using different pretreatment methods under cadmium stress conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized basic design in four replications at the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in ۲۰۲۴. To apply hydropriming, the seeds were kept for ۱۲ hours in distilled water in an incubator at a temperature of ۱۰ degrees Celsius. To apply biopriming with Trichoderma mushroom (seed grinding), first, Tricuran P biological fertilizer, which contains Trichoderma harzianum mushroom, was prepared from the company of natural biotechnological company. Then, a quantity of Trichoderma harzianum mushroom (according to the amount of seeds) was added on the seeds that had been soaked for ۴ hours, and after being completely mixed, they were placed in a damp cloth and kept in an incubator at ۳۰ degrees Celsius for ۸ hours. The samples were then transferred to a germinator with a temperature of ۲۰ degrees Celsius and kept in these conditions for ۱۰ days. Also, seedling length was measured using a graduated ruler and seedling dry weight was measured using a scale. Statistical analysis of data was done using SAS ۹.۴ statistical software. Results and Discussion: Based on the results, seedling dry weight and length of seedlings weight was significantly affected by cadmium stress concentrations and pre-treatment methods, but the interaction effect of cadmium stress × pre-treatment methods was not significant for this trait. The results showed that the average dry weight of the seedling with the application of different concentrations of cadmium stress was significantly lower than the control seeds. Among the studied treatments, the highest and lowest dry weight of seedlings were observed in the treatment of no application of cadmium stress and the treatment of application of ۱۵۰ mg/liter concentration of cadmium stress, respectively. Many researchers have reported that there is a significant reduction in plant growth under cadmium stress (Rehman et al., ۲۰۱۹). The average dry weight of seedlings obtained from control seeds was significantly lower than the dry weight of seedlings obtained from treated seeds. Biopriming with Trichoderma mushroom increased the dry weight of quinoa seedlings by ۴۸.۵۸% compared to the treatment, which was not significantly different from the dry weight of seeds pretreated with water. The superiority of seedlings obtained from water and biopriming treatments in terms of seedling dry weight can be attributed to their high average seed germination speed. By using a concentration of ۱۵۰ mg/liter of cadmium chloride, the maximum seedling length was related to biopriming with Trichoderma mushroom, which could increase the seedling length by about ۴۵.۴۵ to ۶۷.۰۶% at the same level of cadmium stress compared to untreated samples.

کلیدواژه ها:

Quinoa ، Chenopodium quinoa ، hydropriming ، biopriming ، Trichoderma spp ، seed coating ، nano-chelate ، cadmium stress