A Comprehensive Review of Selective Laser Melting of High-Entropy Alloys: Additive Manufacturing Strategies and Microstructural Evolution

High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs), owing to their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, have emerged as a prominent topic in materials science and advanced industries such as aerospace, biomedical engineering, and energy storage. This review comprehensively explores the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process in the production of HEAs, examining the effects of key process parameters, including laser power, scanning speed, and layer thickness, on density enhancement, microstructural control, and improved mechanical performance. In this context, the influence of various alloying elements, such as Al, Ti, and C, on the formation of complex microstructures, including columnar grains and submicron cells, is analyzed. Additionally, the role of heat treatment in reducing dislocations and transforming columnar grains into equiaxed grains to enhance structural and mechanical properties is evaluated. The study also identifies critical challenges, including hot cracks, porosity, and anisotropy, which hinder the improvement of HEA quality and performance, and proposes practical solutions to address these issues. By compiling findings from recent research, this article highlights that utilizing spherical and uniform powders, optimizing process parameters, and employing advanced additive manufacturing technologies can significantly pave the way for further advancements in the development and application of HEAs in modern industries.

کلیدواژه ها:

High-Entropy Alloys ، Additive Manufacturing ، Selective Laser Melting ، Microstructural Control ، Mechanical Properties ، Manufacturing Challenges