Global Welding Standards: Classification, Applications, and Comparative Analysis

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of welding-related standards, categorized by subject areas such as welder qualification, welding procedure qualification, quality management, welding consumables, structural welding, piping and pipeline welding, and weld symbols and terminology. Key international, regional, and national standards including ISO, ASME, AWS, EN, DIN, JIS, and others are analyzed, highlighting their applications, differences, and relevance in diverse industries. Each standard addresses specific needs based on industry requirements, materials, processes, and regional regulations.For welder qualifications, standards like ISO ۹۶۰۶, ASME Section IX, and AWS B۲.۱ outline requirements for testing and certification, with differences in acceptance criteria and essential variable flexibility. Welding procedure standards, such as ISO ۱۵۶۱۴ and ASME Section IX, focus on developing specifications with ISO offering stricter controls. Quality management standards, such as ISO ۳۸۳۴, EN ۱۰۹۰, and AS/NZS ۱۵۵۴, ensure systematic approaches for structural and industrial applications.Consumable standards, including AWS A۵ and EN ۱۳۴۷۹, regulate the properties of electrodes and wires, while structural welding standards like AWS D۱.۱ and AS/NZS ۱۵۵۴ provide guidelines for steel and aluminum welding. Piping and pipelinestandards, such as ASME B۳۱.۱ and BS ۴۵۱۵, serve power and offshore industries. Symbol standards like ISO ۲۵۵۳ ensure consistent representation in technical drawings.This paper classifies and compares these standards, offering insights into their applications and aiding stakeholders in selecting appropriate standards for their projects.

کلیدواژه ها:

Welding ، welder test ، welding procedure qualification ، Welding consumables ، piping ، pipeline