Recent advances in additive manufacturing with application in ۴D printing

Today, additive manufacturing plays an important role in the production of parts with a complicated geometry and different properties in various industries. Research into ۴D printing has attracted unprecedented interest since ۲۰۱۳, when the idea was first introduced. This technology is based on ۳D printing but requires additional actuators and stimuli-responsive materials. This enables self-assembly, multifunctionality, and self-healing capabilities. In the present study, we first explore the history of these technologies and the reasons behind the need for ۴D printing technology. We then present the working principles of this method, the materials used, and the production processes involved. Additionally, we discuss the various fields where this technology is applicable and examine its advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, recent advancements in this area and the diverse applications of this technology in the medical field, which have seen significant progress, are studied, along with an exploration of its future prospects.

کلیدواژه ها:

۳D printing ، ۴D printing ، material structure ، deformation