overview of the importance of coal and the application of nanotechnology on the safe way of its extraction

Coal is a strategic and essential resource that guarantees quality of life, energy security, and sustainable development. As the cheapest source of energy, it is the second source of energy after oil, which is used to produce ۴۰% of the world's electricity. However, traditional coal fuel mining can threaten human health by polluting the air and water, harming the land, and contributing to global warming. Environmental impacts associated with conventional methods of coal mining and consumption can affect all components of the environment, and these impacts may be beneficial or harmful, temporary or permanent, repairable or irreversible, and reversible or irreversible. Coal mining is one of the main industries that help the country's economic development but harms the environment. Coal is the primary source of energy to meet the energy needs of a country. This mine is excavated in two ways, open and underground, and by discharging large amounts of mineral water, it affects the environment, especially water resources. Mine water may be acidic or neutral depending on the amount of pyrite in the inorganic coal impurities. Coal mining affects the ecosystem as a negative factor. Coal mining, the first step, destroys forests and releases toxic amounts of minerals and heavy metals into water and soil. The environmental effects of coal mining remain for years after the coal is removed. Based on the latest technologies, coal mining methods are better than what was done in earlier days. In addition to these cases, most of the coal resources contain many organic and mineral elements sensitive to the environment, such as iron, magnesium, vanadium, copper, cadmium, nickel, lead manganese, etc. Such features are associated with more severe environmental impacts caused by mining and its use in coal-based industries. A negative advantage of the coal mining process is related to the risks involved in its extraction process. Risk assessment in coal mines is an important part of protecting workers and the environment, which includes three stages risk identification, risk analysis, and risk assessment. Some suggestions for disaster control and prevention, such as water intrusion, coal dust, gas disaster, roof collapse, fire, and subsidence, are provided to improve mine safety and environmental impact in coal mines in the future. Nanotechnology is one of the factors that solves the problems at hand. The results of this study show that compared to micron-level powders, nanopowders have a better anti-explosion effect.

کلیدواژه ها:

Coal ، nanotechnology ، heavy metals ، minerals ، environmental effects ، nanopowders.