Corrosion and Allergic Reactions: InvestigatingMetal Ion Release from Biomaterials

The corrosion of metallic biomaterials and the subsequent release of metal ions in biological environments present significant challenges in biomedical engineering, particularly concerning the long-term success and safety of medical implants. The release of metal ions can trigger adverse biological reactions, including allergic responses, tissue irritation, and systemic toxicity, thereby compromising the biocompatibility and performance of medical devices. This review delves into the mechanisms of metal ion release from commonly used biomaterials, including titanium, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, and magnesium alloys, with a focus on their corrosion behavior in physiological environments. It examines the influence of factors such as alloy composition, surface treatments, and environmental conditions on the corrosion process and subsequent ion release.Furthermore, this paper assesses the biological implications of metal ion release, particularly hypersensitivity and allergic reactions, and discusses the growing concerns over patient safety. In addressing these challenges, recent advancements in mitigating metal ion release are explored, including surface coatings, nanostructured materials, and biomimetic strategies that aim to enhance corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. By synthesizing current research and identifying gaps in the literature, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the ongoing challenges and emerging trends in the field, contributing to the development of safer and more reliable biomaterials for medical applications.

کلیدواژه ها:

Corrosion of biomaterials ، Metal ion release ، Medical implants ، Biocompatibility ، Allergic reactions ، Surface coatings