The Relation Between God’s Will and Human WillinMīrdāmād’sRisāla al-Īqāẓāt

Mīrdāmād, a famous Shiite scholar in the Safavid era, explains his ideas onone of the most controversial issues in the history of Islamic philosophy,that is the question of human free will, in Risāla al-Īqāẓāt fī al-Khalq al-Aʿmāl(Treatise of Awakenings on the Creation of Actions). Influenced by Tūsī’ssolution for the problem, he also tries to justify human free will notalongside, but along the Primary Cause’s will. He intends to prove thathuman free will is not in contradiction to God’s absolute will by defining amiddle way which is neither compulsion of man (ǧabr), nor delegation ofpower to man (tafwīd). In order to do that, he distinguishes two types ofagents: the direct agent (al-fāʿil al-mubāshir), that is human being whose freewill is the last component of the sufficient cause, and therefore, he is the freeagent in performing his acts; and the Perfect Maker (al-ǧāʿil al-tām) who isthe one that creates the existence of an act and all its causes and conditions,including human’s power, will and knowledge.

کلیدواژه ها:

Freier Wille ، Zwang ، direkter Agent ، perfekter Schöpfer ، Böse