Materialistic tendencies regarding the nature of man in the history of Shiite thought and their connections to the Mu'tazila of Baṣra

It is often assumed that the Imamiyah and the Mu'tazila, known as "al-'adlyyah," collaborated closely in their theological development from the outset. Apart from questions of Imamat and Wilayah, there are purportedly few differences between their theological views. However, historical investigations reveal significant divergences both in content and methodology until the fourth century. From this point onward, they began to approach each other, particularly through the Imamiyah theological school in Baghdad, a convergence that continued into the eighth century with notable influences between the two doctrinal orientations. This article examines the anthropology from the Baghdad school in the fourth century to the Ḥillah school in the eighth century, focusing on how Shiite and Mu'tazilite views on human truth influenced each other during this period. Shiite thought is believed to have been significantly influenced by Mu'tazilite rationalists. Analysis indicates that Shiite theologians in Baghdad were influenced by Abu al-Huḏayl and the scholars of Ḥillah by Abu al-Husayn al-Baṣrī. The concept of human truth evolved from a materialistic perspective based on Abu al-Huḏayl's theory in the fifth century to another materialistic perspective based on Abu al-Husayn al-Baṣrī's theory in the seventh and eighth centuries.

کلیدواژه ها:

Menschliche Wahrheit ، Bagdad-Schule ، Ḥillah-Schule ، Baṣra-Mu'tazila ، spätere Mu'tazila