مروری بر تعاریف جوامع کوچک و غیرمتمرکز در تصفیه خانه های فاضلاب: جهانی کوچک از روستا و شهرک ها تا شهرهای در حال توسعه

Small and decentralized communities, including villages, townships, and small towns, face unique challenges in wastewater management and treatment due to economic constraints, inadequate infrastructure, and closer connections to natural resources. This study reviews and analyzes international definitions of small and decentralized communities in the context of wastewater treatment. Definitions are examined based on population size, wastewater flow, or a combination of both, with an emphasis on their variation across different geographical, climatic, and socio-economic contexts.The findings highlight that populations below ۲,۰۰۰ are most commonly classified as small communities, with this category representing the highest percentage of countries studied. Conversely, populations exceeding ۱۰,۰۰۰ are rarely considered small and deviate significantly from this classification. Additionally, the study categorizes wastewater management systems based on population size. For single households and decentralized systems, septic tanks and Imhoff tank and absorption well are identified as the most effective options. Cluster systems, including lagoons and constructed wetlands, are optimal for communities with up to ۲,۰۰۰ people, while centralized systems are recommended for larger populations. This research underscores the importance of tailoring wastewater treatment technologies to the specific needs of small communities, particularly in light of Goal ۶ of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which prioritizes access to clean water and sanitation. By providing a clearer understanding of the definitions and treatment technologies for small and decentralized communities, this study aims to support sustainable development and improve public health outcomes in these regions.

کلیدواژه ها:

Small communities ، decentralized wastewater treatment ، population-based classification ، wastewater flow