Effects of Ketamine on TNF-Alpha and IL-۶ in Cardiac Surgery

Congenital heart disease is a cardiac anomaly present at birth. Acyanotic congenital heart disease patients are the most numerous, including those with Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). Cardiac surgery for this condition involves a cardiopulmonary bypass machine (CPB), that induces an inflammatory response. Ketamine is an anaesthetic agent that exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. This study seeks to demonstrate the impact of ketamine on the reduction of inflammatory cytokines among patients undergoing cardiac surgery with a cardiopulmonary bypass machine. This study applied a quasi-experimental analytical approach. Two research groups were established: Group A (n=۳) received fentanyl, whereas Group B (n=۷) received ketamine before and after the operation of a cardiopulmonary bypass machine (CPB). Blood samples were collected prior to the induction of anaesthesia and one hour following the removal of the CPB device from the patient. The investigation utilized Mann-Whitney test to evaluate the disparity in Interleukin-۶ (IL-۶) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels between the two groups. The findings indicated that TNF-α levels in group A were ۹.۹۷ ± ۱.۸۴, and IL-۶ levels were ۲۹.۳۰ ± ۶.۳۳. Group B showed TNF-α levels of ۱۰.۵۷ ± ۴.۳۳ and IL-۶ values of ۲۶.۳۶ ± ۱۲.۱۶. The test findings for both groups revealed no significant differences in TNF-α levels (p = ۰.۵۶۹) and IL-۶ levels (p = ۰.۸۱۹). The findings of the present study indicated that ketamine administration did not decrease the levels of IL-۶ and TNF-alpha following the use of the CPB machine.

کلیدواژه ها:

Ketamine ، IL-۶ ، TNF-alpha ، cardiac bypass machine