"Systematic Evaluation of Graphene-Based Additives on the Performance of Li۴Ti۵O۱۲ as an Electrode Material in Intercalation Batteries"

To achieve independence from fossil fuels and to protect the environment, it is imperative to transition toward green energy sources, which necessitates the development of advanced energy storage devices, particularly for electric vehicles. Intercalation batteries are highly promising for this purpose. Among the materials used in these batteries, lithium titanate (Li۴Ti۵O۱۲) has recently garnered significant attention as an electrode material for high-power applications.In parallel, two-dimensional (۲D) materials exhibit remarkable properties that can enhance the performance of Li۴Ti۵O۱۲ when used as additives. Among these, graphene (G) and its derivatives (such as graphene oxide, GO, and reduced graphene oxide, rGO) stand out. Therefore, a systematic and analytical evaluation is essential to comprehend the impact of these additives on the behavior of the electrode and their underlying mechanisms. To this end, charge-discharge data for Li۴Ti۵O۱۲ materials incorporating various G-based additives have been sourced from the literature. This data is analyzed through three specific diagrams to evaluate the additives' effects on rate capability, performance, particle activation, and the overall efficacy of the active particles. In this study, we systematically assess the influence of G-based additives on Li۴Ti۵O۱۲ as electrode materials for intercalation batteries.