A review on the application of biomass constituents, specifically lignin, on the efficiency and performance of batteries

Lignin, an organic polymer found in plant cell walls, has attracted significant attention due to its abundance, low cost, and modifiability. This review explores the application of lignin in battery technology and its impacts on battery efficiency and performance[۱]. Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers and is readily available as a by-product of the paper and pulp industry. It contains various functional groups that can be chemically modified for specific applications. For Anodes, Lignin can be converted into carbon materials with high surface area and conductivity, used in lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery anodes[۲]. Combining lignin with materials like silicon can produce high-capacity anodes. For Cathodes, Lignin can be used as a sustainable binder in cathodes, enhancing mechanical stability and flexibility and Lignin can be utilized as a redox-active material in organic cathodes. Lignin can be transformed into solid polymer electrolytes or gel electrolytes, improving safety and ionic conductivity. It can Performance Benefits High Capacity, Enhanced Stability and Eco-Friendliness[۳]. As can be seen in Figure ۱, lignin has been used in fields such as binders, additives, co-polymers, batteries, and corrosion to progress and improve properties.Finally, Lignin provides a sustainable and efficient alternative for various battery components. Its use in anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes can improve battery performance and support environmental sustainability, In this article, the effect of lignin on batteries will be discussed to have a positive effect on the electrolyte anode and lithium-ion cathode.