Structural and Mechanical Requirements for Electric Vehicle Battery Packs: A Comprehensive Review of Subsystems, Standards, and Testing Protocols

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of an electric vehicle battery pack from a structural and mechanical perspective. Initially, the battery pack is divided into and described by its subsystems, which include internal and external reinforcements, energy absorbers, energy storage elements, and assurance subsystems. Each subsystem is introduced with its components, followed by an overview of various models, layouts, configurations, and commonly used materials in available samples. The functionality of each component is also explained. The structural subsystem requirements are derived by referencing existing standards, and target specifications for each component are presented. These target specifications, encompassing criteria such as impact resistance, strength, energy absorption, penetration resistance, vibration tolerance, and thermal considerations, provide a foundation for conceptual design and future simulations. Following this, existing standards for electric vehicle batteries, with an emphasis on mechanical tests such as mechanical shock, drop, penetration, submersion, collision, rollover, and vibration, are introduced. International standards across European, American, and Asian regions for each test are compared, detailing the test process, objectives, and influencing variables. To evaluate the feasibility of implementing these tests, three decision-making criteria of Importance of the test, Severity of damage and Complexity of the test are defined. Each criterion is introduced and determined for each test. Finally, by combining these three criteria, a proposed requirement coefficient is defined, which classifies standard tests based on their necessity for execution.

کلیدواژه ها:

battery pack ، energy absorber ، electric vehicles