Nutritional and Biochemical Aspects of Obesity: A Comprehensive Study to Understand Obesity Mechanism

Background and Aim: Obesity is a multifactorial condition that significantly contributes to the global burden of chronic diseases. It is characterized by alterations in energy balance, adipose tissue distribution, and biochemical pathways, all of which impact metabolic health. The roles of various adipose tissues—such as visceral, subcutaneous, and mesenteric fat—are well-documented in the progression of obesity and its associated comorbidities, including type ۲ diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, hypertension, liver diseases, and certain cancers. This study aims to investigate the nutritional and biochemical mechanisms underlying obesity, with a particular focus on how different types of adipose tissue contribute to obesity and its related comorbidities. The interactions between adipose tissue and factors such as inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and the intestinal microbiota are also explored.Method: This study presents a comprehensive review of current literature, examining the physiological and biochemical changes associated with obesity. The roles of different adipose tissues in energy storage, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction are analyzed, alongside their impact on the intestinal microbiota and its relationship with comorbidities like dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and liver disease.Results: The findings highlight significant alterations in adipose tissue function in obesity. Visceral adipose tissue, in particular, contributes to systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and the development of metabolic syndrome. Subcutaneous and mesenteric fat also play crucial roles but with varying impacts on metabolic health. Obesity was found to disrupt the intestinal microbiota, further exacerbating conditions like dyslipidemia, hypertension, and liver diseases. Moreover, the association between obesity and cancer development is linked to hormonal and immune system changes driven by adipose tissue.Conclusion: Obesity is a complex condition involving multifaceted interactions between various adipose tissues, metabolic processes, and the intestinal microbiota. A better understanding of these interactions offers crucial insights into the mechanisms driving obesity-related comorbidities. Targeting adipose tissue biology and restoring metabolic balance may present promising strategies for preventing and managing obesity and its associated diseases.

کلیدواژه ها:

Obesity ، Adipose tissue ، Visceral fat ، Subcutaneous Fat ، Mesenteric fat ، Intestinal microbiota ، comorbidities ، Dyslipidemia ، Hypertension ، Liver diseases ، cancer