expression alternation and function of small non coding RNAs in larynx cancer

Laryngeal cancer (LC), a highly fatal tumor in the head and neck region and ranks as the ۶th most common malignancy across the world , has been the focus of research in recent years. During the last two decades, significant advancements in the treatment of laryngeal cancer have occurred. Although survival of head and neck cancer patients has improved over time, the temporal trend of laryngeal cancer survival is an area of controversy. Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a type of malignant tumor that occurs in the upper neck, like the tongue, gingiva, nasopharynx, larynx, and thyroid . Various risk factors have been associated with laryngeal tumors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, opium use, as well as infections with HPV and EBV viruses, among others. Cancer is difficult to cure due to frequent metastasis, and developing effective therapeutic approaches to treat cancer is urgently important. Initiation and development of cancer depend on multiple factors that mutations in genes and epigenetic level can be considered as important drivers. Epigenetic factors include a large family of members and understanding their function in cancer has been a hot topic. LncRNAs are RNA molecules with no capacity in synthesis of proteins, and they have regulatory functions in cells. LncRNAs are localized in nucleus and cytoplasm, and their abnormal expression is related to development of tumor. Recent evidences have highlighted the importance of lncRNAs as critical regulators of gene expression and tumorigenesis. LncRNAs are a heterogenous group of non-coding polyadenylated RNAs longer than ۲۰۰ nucleotides. Similar to miRNAs, lncRNAs are closely associated with multiple human diseases, including cancer. Recent research has revealed that lncRNAs, once considered non-functional, play critical roles in cancer metastasis, transcriptional control, and translational regulation. Although lncRNA research is still in the initial stage, it holds great promise to be applied as a prognosticator of HNC and a therapeutic target to inhibit HNC metastasis, which could significantly enhance the outcome of HNC patients.

کلیدواژه ها:

Laryngeal cancer ، LncRNAs