From Exposure to Prevention: The Role of Biodosimetry in Cancer Risk Management

Abstract Ionizing radiation has wide applications in medical treatments and also features in occupational and environmental exposures. It therefore stands out as one of the key players in carcinogenesis through the induction of DNA double-strand breaks, and it is outstanding in the initiation of cancer naturally. With the rapid development into an applicative tool in the biological dosimetry of radiation exposure, biodosimetry gained more importance due to different sensitivity to radiation. Therefore, with the help of biodosimetry, a more accurate treatment of cancer risk is enabled. Biodosimetry allows for quantitative and exact estimates of radiation-induced damage with the help of certain biomarkers, such as chromosomal aberrations, altered gene expression, and protein modifications. This can be viewed as particularly important if it considers early detection of subclinical damage, personalized diagnosis, and optimization of oncological prevention and treatment. Biodosimetry thus became, in this context of precision oncology, a tool for the reduction of the latency period between radiation exposure and the time of appearance of neoplasias. Biodosimetry allows for current information about the biological effects of radiation that could be very useful in timely and efficient interventions, both of which are important in optimal results in patients. It is an important public health tool whereby much-needed insights can be obtained for a wider range of preventive and therapeutic strategy options. Undoubtedly, in future developments in the field of biodosimetry, biodosimetry will play a revolutionary role both in day-to-day clinical practice and cancer risk management. Because of great individual variations in response to radiation, biodosimetry allows for risk stratification hence; targeted screening programs would be applied, and resource allocation according to the actual risk. Biodosimetry will allow a better therapeutic approach, reducing side effects of treatments not necessary and, therefore, improving the quality of the patients' lives. In this regard, further development in biodosimetry will bring in predictive models that would indicate persons at increased risk from radiation interventions may be given well in advance of exposures. Finally, biodosimetry is a game-changing tool in the management of cancer risk through enabling personalized strategies of prevention and diagnostics of treatment that hold promise for impacts on cancer incidence and outcomes in the era of Precision Oncology.

کلیدواژه ها:

Ionizing radiation ، Biodosimetry ، Precision oncology ، Personalized diagnosis ، Biomarkers