Liver Cancer Immunotherapy

Introduction In the last decade, precision medicine and immunotherapy methods have become progressively popular in oncology. Immunotherapy is primarily used for more advanced cancers, especially those that cannot be removed with surgery. By using this treatment method, doctors and specialists can extend a person's life or prevent cancer from getting worse. In this way immunotherapy is considered a significant solution for liver cancer and has been able to prove its effectiveness. Material methods The liver has multiple functions that are best categorized into bile secretion, bilirubin metabolism, vascular and blood functions, nutrient metabolism, metabolic detoxification, and storage of minerals and vitamins. This organ aids in intestinal digestion by secreting ۷۰۰ to ۱۲۰۰ milliliters of bile daily. Furthermore, the liver's extensive vascular network allows it to hold a large volume of blood, with the amount stored at any time depending on pressure relationships in the arteries and veins. Additionally, the liver has a homeostatic function, synthesizing prothrombin, fibrinogen, and clotting factors. It plays a key role in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Conclusion Angiosarcoma is also known as hemangiosarcoma. This type of cancer is a type of soft tissue sarcoma that starts in the blood vessels of the liver and is very rare. It is most often diagnosed in the elderly. Results: Types of immunotherapies: Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) Antibodies are found naturally in our blood and help us fight infection. MAB therapies mimic natural antibodies but are made in a laboratory. Monoclonal means that they are all of the same type of antibody. Therefore, each MAB treatment contains many copies of the same type of antibody. MABs identify specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells and bind to them. Many different MABs are available for cancer treatment. They work in different ways and some work in more than one way. MABs act as an immunotherapy in several ways. They may do one of the following: stimulate the immune system, help the immune system attack cancer, checkpoint inhibitors. Checkpoint inhibitors are MABs that attack cancer cells by helping the immune system. Cancer can sometimes push the stop button on immune cells, so the immune system doesn't attack them. Checkpoint inhibitors prevent cancers from pressing the stop button. Skin and allergic reactions, changes in blood pressure, headache and body pain, nausea, mouth sores, fatigue and other cases. Usually, the side effects of immunotherapy show themselves in the first weeks or months of treatment. Cancer treatment vaccines Researchers are investigating whether vaccines can help the body's immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. As vaccines work against diseases, vaccines are designed to target proteins that are on specific cancer cells. This helps the immune system identify and attack those specific cancer cells.

کلیدواژه ها:

Liver cancer ، Immunotherapy ، MABs ، Immune system ، Vaccines