Strategies to increase systemic toxicity in melanoma cancer treatment

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates from melanocyte cells( cells that produce pigment in the skin). Melanoma treatment depends on the clinical stage of the disease, the thickness of the tumor and its spread. Surgery and radiotherapy are usually used in melanoma with the weakest phase( stage ۱ and ۲). Therefore, the goal of researchers is to create an effective drug therapy system that is able to locate cancer tumors to increase systemic toxicity and increase treatment effectiveness. For this purpose, researchers achieved hyperthermia and hyperosmotic treatment methods, and if melanoma spreads to more advanced stage( stages ۳ and ۴) or to other areas of the body, these treatment methods may be used as options. The combination of cold shock, hyperosmotic and doxorubicin(DOX) for the targeted treatment of melanoma cells can be used as a strategy to increase the effectiveness of the treatment. In this method, a combination of three agents (cold shock, hyperosmotic and DOX) is used to stimulate cell death and reduce the growth of cancer cells. This method is usually done using special drugs or special technologies such as electroporation. In the hyperthermia method, the researchers investigated the combined effect of DOX and hyperthermia on human melanoma cell lines A۳۷۵ and MNT_۱. Cells were examined with DOX for ۲۴,۴۸,۷۲ h to evaluate their viability. Interference in cell cycle dynamics, production of reactive oxygen species(ROZ) and apoptosis after treatment (with ۳۰ min at ۴۳°C and DOX at the IC۲۰ for ۴۸ h) was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results obtained by the researches during the review of melanoma treatment by hyperosmotic and hyperthermia are that hyperosmotic can increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy treatments and strengthen the therapeutic effects. They also found that the combined treatment of DOX and hyperthermia effectively reduces cell viability. But it does not apply in all the tested conditions, which means that it depends on the concentration of the drug and the duration of heat treatment. Also, this treatment stops G۲/M in each cell cycle and increases the level of, ROZ. Which shows that hyperthermia increases the effect of DOX through stopping the cell cycle, oxidative stress and apoptosis cell death. Treatment of melanoma with hyperthermia and hyperosmotic, in addition to having positive points such as reducing survival time, reducing tumor size, controlling symptoms, reducing the possibility of tumor expansion and recurrence has negative points including side effects such as extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting, damage to internal organs, damage to skin and hair, risk of infection, risk of dopamine production, cardiotoxicity, and liver and kidney toxicity. Hyperthermia and hypoosmotic is an advanced treatment method and in some cases the combination of these two methods is used to increase the therapeutic effects and improve the treatment of melanoma. But it should be noted that despite the complexity and clinical diversity of melanoma, the appropriate treatment decision should be examined and determined by a specialist doctor.

کلیدواژه ها:

treatment ، melanoma ، hyperthermia ، doxorubicin ، reactive oxygen species