Targeted Therapy for Treating Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Corpus Uteri through the Pathophysiology of HER-۲ Gene: A Systematic Review

Endometrial cancer is globally the fourth most frequent gynecological cancer and the most frequent type of uterine cancer, with the highest rates observed in developed countries. According to the Bokhman classification, there are two types of this cancer: estrogen-dependent (type I) which is mostly low-grade endometrioid tumors developing from glandular cells in the lining of the endometrium, expressing high levels of estrogen receptor α with a favorable overall prognosis. They represent ۸۰–۹۰% of the endometrial cancer incidence and ۴۰% of the cancer mortality. Estrogen-independent (type II) endometrial tumors mainly include serous papillary or clear cell histology and exhibit a more aggressive clinical course with poor prognosis. Clear Cell Carcinoma (CCC) is one of the most mortal cancers classified as a type-II-endometrial-carcinoma, which is considered “high grade” by definition. Dysregulation of many genes could lead to CCC of the corpus uteri; including HER-۲ gene, which is positive in ۲۸% of all endometrial carcinoma cases. Thanks to improvements in medical genetics, targeted therapy is now one of the best treatment options for a wide range of diseases, especially cancers. In this essay, we review the structure and function of HER-۲ gene/protein and the mechanism of its dysregulation, which is responsible for many cancers, including CCC of the corpus uteri. Methods: We searched these keywords and their PubMed Mesh in PubMed database until September ۲۰۲۴: “HER-۲” and “Clear Cell Carcinoma”. Results: We investigated the mechanism of HER-۲ gene dysregulation that leads to CCC of the corpus uteri. This made us able to assess multiple ways to treat this cancer using targeted therapy. We believe that our findings help clinicians make better clinical decisions for treating their patients. Conclusion: The Pathophysiology of HER-۲ gene regulation and dysregulation is not completely known. Any new finding might change our point of view about it. Also, improvements in medical genetics, especially targeted therapy, enables us to consider new methods for treating diseases. So, it is highly recommended that medical agents do more research in this field.

کلیدواژه ها:

Clear Cell Carcinoma ، HER-۲ ، Corpus Uteri ، Targeted Therapy ، Systematic Review