Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer

Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Treatment has evolved from traditional methods like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation to include targeted therapies that focus on specific molecules involved in cancer growth. These therapies aim to minimize damage to healthy tissues while improving patient outcomes and reducing side effects. This article explores recent advancements in targeted therapies for lung cancer, discusses new treatment options, addresses implementation challenges, and outlines future research directions. Notably, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are well-characterized oncogenic drivers for which tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown improved outcomes compared to chemotherapy. Additionally, other druggable targets have been identified, leading to the development of effective inhibitors that have shifted the treatment paradigm for NSCLC Method We conducted a comprehensive review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published between ۲۰۱۰ and ۲۰۲۴, focusing on BRAF, HER۲, KRAS, MET, NTRK, RET, and ROS۱ inhibitors in NSCLC. Using a comprehensive search strategy, we searched major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Inclusion criteria consisted of RCTs evaluating the efficacy and safety of targeted therapies in NSCLC, with a minimum follow-up of ۶ months. Exclusion criteria included non-randomized studies, case reports, and studies with incomplete or missing data. Results We searched major databases and identified ۲۵ RCTs that met our inclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed significant differences in efficacy and safety profiles among these targeted therapies. BRAF and NTRK inhibitors demonstrated the highest efficacy, with overall response rates (ORRs) ranging from ۴۰-۷۰% and median progression-free survival (PFS) of ۷-۱۲ months. In contrast, HER۲ and RET inhibitors showed moderate efficacy, with ORRs ranging from ۲۰-۴۰% and median PFS of ۳-۶ months. KRAS inhibitors exhibited promising efficacy, with ORRs ranging from ۳۰-۵۰% and median PFS of ۵-۷ months. MET and ROS۱ inhibitors showed moderate efficacy, with ORRs ranging from ۲۰-۴۰% and median PFS of ۳-۶ months. Common side effects included fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and rash, while hypertension and hyperglycemia were also reported. Our findings highlight the importance of molecular profiling in NSCLC and the need for personalized treatment approaches. Further research is warranted to optimize the use of targeted therapies in NSCLC. Conclusion Our review highlights significant differences in the efficacy and safety profiles of targeted therapies in NSCLC. BRAF and NTRK inhibitors showed the highest efficacy, while HER۲ and RET inhibitors demonstrated moderate efficacy. KRAS, MET, and ROS۱ inhibitors also contributed to treatment options. These findings emphasize the necessity of molecular profiling and personalized treatment approaches in NSCLC. The development of targeted therapies has revolutionized treatment, offering improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. However, the heterogeneity of NSCLC necessitates a molecularly driven approach, with various targeted therapies available for distinct molecular subtypes. Further research is essential to optimize the use of these therapies and develop new strategies for NSCLC patients.

کلیدواژه ها:

Lung Cancer ، NSCLC ، Targeted Therapy