Cumulative leaching of lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathode andanode in two-component deep eutectic solvent

In this research, the leaching of the mixture of cathode and anode materials of lithium-ionbatteries (LIBs) in a two-component deep eutectic solvent (DES) of choline chloride (ChCl)and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) has been investigated. A ۱:۱ molar ratio of ChCl:PTSA wasused to prepare DES. Leaching of mixed LIBs was investigated in the temperature range of ۴۰-۱۰۰ °C and the time range of ۳۰-۱۴۴۰ min in DES. The results of the temperature investigationshow that the leaching efficiencies of iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, and manganese increase withincreasing temperature at a fixed time. For example, at ۴۰ °C, the leaching efficiencies of iron,nickel, cobalt, copper, and manganese are ۱۶.۵, ۴۶.۵, ۶۹.۰, ۴۸.۴, and ۶۴.۳%, respectively. But,at ۱۰۰ °C and a fixed leaching time of ۱۴۴۰ min, the efficiencies increase to ۳۰.۶, ۹۷.۸, ۹۸.۴,۸۹.۷, and ۹۴.۴%, respectively. Time, as another influential parameter in the LIBs leachingprocess, has a positive effect on leaching efficiency. As time increased, the leaching efficienciesof iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, and manganese increased. By enhancing time from ۳۰ to ۱۴۴۰min, leaching efficiencies increased from ۱۷.۴% to ۳۰.۶% for iron, ۵۳.۲% to ۹۸.۴% for nickel,۸۴.۵% to ۹۸.۴% for cobalt, ۵۱.۳% to ۸۹.۷% for copper, and ۸۰.۳% to ۹۳.۵% for manganese.An important point to note is the ability of the two-component DES to dissolve highconcentrations of elements. Under the optimum conditions obtained from the experiments inthis research (temperature of ۱۰۰ °C and time of ۳۰۰ min), the concentration of iron, nickel,cobalt, copper, and manganese was found to be ۱۰۸, ۲۷۲, ۱۴۸۹, ۹۲۰, and ۵۰۳ mg.L-۱,respectively. Considering the cumulative concentration of these elements, approximately ۳۲۹۵mg.L-۱ has been dissolved in the deep eutectic solvent. Therefore, the results demonstrate thatthe two-component solvent of choline chloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid has a good ability todissolve the mixture of LIBs.

کلیدواژه ها:

Leaching ، lithium-ion battery (LIB) ، Deep eutectic solvent (DES) ، Temperature effect ، Time effect ، choline chloride ، p-toluenesulfonic acid.