۳D printed piezoelectric biomaterials in bone tissue engineering

This review focuses on the present status of the novel field of BTE, with a particular emphasis on ۳D-printed piezoelectric biomaterials, which are foreseen to have the prospect to act as an alternative to traditional bone grafts. Such biomaterials also meet major challenges in BTE, such as demands for biocompatibility, scaffold compleXity, structural integrity, and patient-specific customization. The main biomaterials are piezoelectric in nature, which generate electrical charges by the action of mechanical stress, amplifying cellular activities responsible for bone repair and regeneration. Different classes of piezoelectric materials were discussed, including but not limited to: polymers, for eXample, PVDF; ceramics-for eXample, BaTiO۳, along with their respective specific advantages and limitations; and composites. Advanced ۳D printing techniques, such as eXtrusion and stereolithography, have shown significant enhancements in the processing of such materials and have shown great control over scaffold architecture, porosity, and mechanical properties. In addition, the introduction of bioactive agents into piezoelectric scaffolds may result in higher enhancements not only in osteoconductivity but also in the biocompatibility and/or antimicrobial properties needed for bone healing.

کلیدواژه ها:

piezoelectric ، D printing ، bone tissue engineering