Advancements and Challenges in Aqueous SolutionBatteries for Sustainable Energy Storage

Aqueous solution batteries are gaining attention as asafer, more environmentally friendly alternative to conventionallithium-ion batteries. This review provides an in-depthexamination of the current state, challenges, and futureprospects of aqueous solution batteries, emphasizing theirpotential in grid storage, backup power, renewable integration,and wearable electronics. While aqueous batteries offersignificant advantages in terms of safety, cost-effectiveness, andnon-flammability, they are constrained by lower energydensities, material degradation, and scaling difficulties. Recentresearch has introduced innovations like water-in-saltelectrolytes, advanced electrode materials, and hybrid designs toaddress these limitations. Sustainable and biodegradablematerials are also being explored to align with globalenvironmental goals. However, further advancements arerequired in energy density, durability, and cost-effectivemanufacturing processes for aqueous batteries to reachcommercial viability. This article outlines key research areasand provides insights into the conditions necessary for adoptingaqueous solution batteries in the coming decade.