Differential Diagnosis of First Trimester Complications & Emergencies: All things that a midwife should know

Many pregnant women present at emergency department complaining from sudden vaginal bleeding or acute pelvic pain. Some of them may present with shock according to heavy bleeding, which is a life-threatening medical emergency. There are several obstetric-gynecologic problems causing emergency for pregnant women at first trimester, such as “Ectopic Pregnancy (EP)’, “Miscarriage”, “Molar Pregnancy”, “Adnexal Tortion”, etc.Most of these complications manifest as “vaginal bleeding” and “pelvic pain”! But, accurate administration of the patient varies depending on each problem. So, certain differential diagnosis between these problems is a key for early decision making and saving mother and fetus lives. A proper way for saving the time and early detection of the emergency condition is “definite diagnosis of the reason”, by means of sonography and laboratory tests.Sonographic assessment of the patient is a key step in the diagnosis of complications and management of the emergency condition to save mother’s lives. Thus, midwives need to be aware of the application of sonography and laboratory tests for differential diagnosis of the major cause of pain or bleeding in patients. The purpose of this manuscript, which is a brief report of a published book written by authors, is to describe these conditions for midwives.