The comparison of some ecofriendly and conventional methods of extracting common kilka oil in terms of quantity and quality

Aim: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various extraction techniques, namely supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO۲), ultrasound, and enzymatic methods, in comparison to the conventional wet reduction method, in terms of oil yield, quality attributes, and fatty acid composition in common kilka oil. Materials & Methods: Mentioned methods were used to extract fish oil. Then, their quality oxidation, including PV, TBA, FFA, and CD, and fatty acid composition were evaluated. Findings: The study's findings revealed that the SC-CO۲ extraction method exhibited the most favorable outcome in terms of extraction yield, achieving a remarkable rate of ۸۹.۶%. The lowest oxidation indexes including PV (۱.۷۸ ± ۰.۱۹ mmol.kg-۱), TBA (۰.۵۴ ± ۰.۰۳ mg MA.kg-۱), FFA (۳۵.۴۹ ± ۰.۵۲ mg FFA.g TAG-۱), and CD (۷.۶۱ ± ۰.۳۴ %) was found in oil extracted with SC-CO۲ method. The fatty acid profile of oil extracted by SC-CO۲ exhibited higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (۲۹.۸۱ ± ۰.۲۷) and lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) (۲۷.۶۴ ± ۰.۲۰) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (۳۴.۷۸ ± ۰.۶۷) than those obtained by the other extraction methods (p > ۰.۰۵). The n-۳/n-۶, PUFA/SFA, and EPA + DHA/C۱۶ ratios were higher for oil extracted by SC-CO۲ than the other three methods. Conclusion: The common kilka oil, extracted through supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO۲), can be regarded as an abundant source of crucial polyunsaturated fatty acids belonging to the n-۳ series.

کلیدواژه ها:

Supercritical fluid extraction ، Common kilka ، Omega-۳ fatty acids ، Fish oil