Biochemical Aspects of Endocrine Disorders: Nursing Interventions in Thyroid Dysfunction and Role in Cardiovascular Disorders

Background: Thyroid dysfunction has significant implications for overall health, particularly cardiovascular health. Thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T۴) and triiodothyronine (T۳), regulate a wide range of physiological functions, including metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis. Abnormal thyroid function, such as in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, has been linked to various cardiovascular disorders, influencing the risk and progression of conditions like heart failure and arrhythmias. Despite the established connection between thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the exact mechanisms by which thyroid hormones affect cardiovascular outcomes remain a subject of ongoing research.Aim: The aim of this article is to explore the biochemical aspects of thyroid disorders, specifically their impact on cardiovascular diseases, and to highlight nursing interventions that can mitigate the risks associated with these endocrine and cardiovascular interactions.Methods: This review synthesizes current evidence on the physiological effects of thyroid hormones on the cardiovascular system, with a focus on the impact of thyroid dysfunction in CVD. It also explores nursing interventions that can help manage thyroid disorders, including medication management, patient education, and monitoring of cardiovascular symptoms.Results: Thyroid hormones influence cardiovascular function through both genomic and non-genomic pathways. These hormones can alter myocardial contractility, heart rate, vascular tone, and lipid metabolism, all of which affect cardiovascular health. Hyperthyroidism, especially, has been shown to increase the risk of heart failure, arrhythmias, and elevated blood pressure, while hypothyroidism can lead to bradycardia, diastolic dysfunction, and an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Nursing interventions play a crucial role in managing these risks by ensuring accurate diagnosis, appropriate thyroid hormone replacement therapy, and ongoing monitoring for cardiovascular complications.Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and effective nursing interventions are essential for managing these conditions. Early detection and appropriate treatment can reduce the cardiovascular impact of thyroid disorders, improving patient outcomes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Thyroid Dysfunction ، Cardiovascular Diseases ، Nursing Interventions ، hyperthyroidism ، Hypothyroidism ، Heart failure ، Arrhythmias