Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including autoimmune thyrotoxicosis and autoimmune hypothyroidism, represent a significant clinical challenge, influencing patients' quality of life and requiring multifaceted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. These diseases result from a complex interplay of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, while advancements in diagnostic procedures and treatments have been made, the role of nursing interventions in managing AITDs remains crucial for ensuring optimal patient outcomes. This review aims to explore the biochemical mechanisms underlying autoimmune thyroid diseases and their implications for nursing interventions in diagnosis, management, and patient care. By understanding these mechanisms, healthcare providers, particularly nurses, can enhance their role in supporting patients with AITDs through effective care strategies. A comprehensive review of current literature was conducted, focusing on the AITDs pathophysiology, including autoimmune thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune hypothyroidism, and their clinical manifestations. Key diagnostic approaches, such as laboratory tests, ultrasound imaging, and nuclear medicine, were examined. The review also explored
nursing care strategies and their potential to improve patient management. The relevant biochemical mechanisms and nursing implications were analyzed to provide insights into optimal patient care. The review highlighted that AITDs primarily arise from the immune system's abnormal attack on thyroid tissues, leading to thyroid dysfunction. Diagnostic methods such as the measurement of thyroid-specific autoantibodies, ultrasound imaging, and radioactive iodine uptake tests are essential for accurate diagnosis. Effective
nursing care involves providing education about the disease process, managing medications, monitoring thyroid function, and offering emotional and psychosocial support to patients. AITDs present multifaceted challenges in terms of diagnosis, management, and patient care. The biochemical mechanisms underlying these disorders inform not only clinical treatment protocols, but also nursing interventions. Nurses are pivotal in managing AITDs by providing patient-centered care, promoting medication adherence, educating patients, and offering psychological support. As these diseases require lifelong management, continuous nursing support is crucial for improving long-term patient outcomes.
