Placental pathological findings and their association with maternal and fetal clinical outcomes: A cross-sectional study

Background: Placental pathological changes can occur in both normal and high-risk pregnancies, leading to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between placental histopathological findings and maternal and fetal clinical outcomes, as well as to determine if there is an association between maternal comorbidities and placental pathologies. Materials and Methods: In this study, ۲۵۰ placenta samples were evaluated. The slides and paraffin blocks were retrieved from the archive of the pathology department of Shariati and Yas hospitals, Tehran, Iran. The placental histopathological findings were analyzed in relation to maternal and fetal clinical data. Results: The average age of pregnant women was ۳۱.۸۴ yr. The average gestational age at birth was ۲۸ wk. The most prevalent pathological finding was maternal vascular malperfusion, observed in ۵۹.۶% of cases. The presence of nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) in umbilical cord blood vessels was observed in ۱۶.۴% of cases. Fetal vascular malperfusion was significantly associated with intrauterine fetal demise. Maternal inflammatory response was associated with premature rupture of membranes. Maternal vascular malperfusion and the presence of NRBC in umbilical cord blood vessels was significantly associated with pre-eclampsia and preterm labor. Furthermore, a history of maternal malignancy was associated with placental infarction and the presence of NRBC in umbilical cord blood vessels. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the importance of evaluating placental histopathological findings in relation to maternal and fetal clinical outcomes. Therefore, understanding these placental pathological changes will be crucial in predicting and preventing complications in subsequent pregnancies.

کلیدواژه ها:

Placenta ، Histopathology ، Pregnancy complications ، Maternal health ، Fetal outcome. ، جفت ، هیستوپاتولوژی ، عوارض بارداری ، سلامت مادر ، پیامد جنینی.