An Update Review on the Developed Chromatographic Methods for the Analysis of Tricyclic Antidepressants

This review paper provides a comprehensive update on the advancements in chromatographic methods for the analysis of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), a class of medications widely used in the treatment of depression and other mood disorders. The paper discusses the evolution of chromatographic techniques, including gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), highlighting their respective advantages and limitations in the context of TCA analysis. Recent innovations such as the incorporation of mass spectrometry (MS) for enhanced sensitivity and specificity are also explored. The review further examines sample preparation methodologies, including solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), which play a critical role in achieving accurate quantification and detection. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges associated with the complex matrix of biological samples, such as plasma and urine, and evaluates strategies for overcoming these obstacles. By synthesizing current research findings, this review aims to provide insights into the optimal selection and application of chromatographic techniques for TCA analysis, thereby supporting clinical and forensic investigations.

کلیدواژه ها:

Chromatographic Techniques ، Tricyclic antidepressants ، Analytical Methods ، Pharmaceutical analysis ، Method development