Symbiotic anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory qualities of a combination of thiamine and niacin protected type-۲ diabetic male rats against both macro and micro-vascular complications

Objective(s): Increased nuclear factor (NF-kβ) and carbonyl stress due to decreased glyoxalase-۱ activity (Glo-I) contribute significantly to insulin resistance and vascular complications. Therefore, we aimed to study the impact of the combination of thiamine and niacin on hepatic NF-kβ signaling, metabolic profile, and Glo-I activity in male rats with type-۲ diabetes (T۲DM).Materials and Methods: Forty male rats were divided equally into five groups: control, diabetic, diabetic treated with thiamine (۱۸۰ mg/l in drinking water), niacin (۱۸۰ mg/l), and a combination of both. The treated groups received the treatments daily in drinking water for two months. T۲DM was induced using a combination of nicotinamide and alloxan. Metabolic profile and renal dysfunction parameters were assessed. Additionally, various glycation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were measured.Results: The treated group with both vitamins showed the lowest blood sugar and insulin resistance indices, cardiovascular indices, renal dysfunction parameters, hepatic NF-kβ expression, oxidative stress, inflammatory and glycation markers, and the highest anti-oxidant and anti-glycation markers, β cell activity, and insulin sensitivity. Thiamine exhibited more anti-inflammatory activity than niacin in diabetic rats, while niacin demonstrated stronger anti-oxidant activity (P<۰.۰۰۱).  Conclusion: The combined use of vitamins had a more beneficial impact on macro and microvascular complications in diabetes than each alone, attributed to their higher anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-glycation characteristics. The vitamins also had a more corrective effect on glucose-lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and renal function through a stronger lowering effect on hepatic NF-kβ expression.

کلیدواژه ها:

Diabetes Complications ، Glycation ، Glyoxalase-I ، Niacin ، NF-kappa β ، Oxidative stress ، Thiamine