Security and Reliability of Consensus Algorithms in Post-Quantum Blockchains

Blockchains have become a leading technology for securing data and transactions across various industries. They offer a decentralized framework that reduces the need for intermediaries and ensures transparency and immutability. However, the advent of quantum computing introduces significant security risks, as quantum algorithms can potentially compromise classical cryptographic techniques widely used in blockchain networks. This paper investigates the challenges and potential solutions associated with integrating post-quantum consensus algorithms into blockchain technology. We begin by examining the limitations of current consensus mechanisms, such as Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), in the context of quantum computing capabilities. These algorithms, while effective against classical attacks, may be vulnerable to quantum attacks that leverage the computational advantages of quantum processors. To address this, we analyze post-quantum algorithms specifically designed to resist quantum threats and maintain the security and trustworthiness of blockchain systems. Using recent studies and algorithmic evaluations, this paper explores the adaptability, robustness, and limitations of these new algorithms in real-world applications. Our analysis shows that post-quantum consensus mechanisms could offer a promising path toward safeguarding blockchain networks against future quantum threats. Nonetheless, challenges remain, including performance, scalability, and the practical feasibility of implementing post-quantum algorithms across existing and new blockchain infrastructures. Ultimately, this paper highlights the critical need for proactive research and innovation in post-quantum consensus to secure the long-term future of blockchain technology in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.

کلیدواژه ها:

Quantum Blockchain ، Quantum Cryptography ، Shor's Algorithm ، Quantum Key Distributin(QKD) ، Quantum Consensus