Microgrid frequency regulation by using electric vehicles controlled by a fuzzy controller with optimized rules and membership functions

The increasing reliance on electric power and the environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels has created a need for new energy sources for electric power production. Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar can be employed to produce electric power, however, their output powers are unpredictable due to stochastic environmental situations. These changes lead to frequency deviations in the power grid, potentially making it unstable. This issue can be more challenging in standalone microgrids since they have low inertia. To overcome this challenge, energy storage systems (ESSs) can be used, although they require significant investment and may not always be cost-effective. Electric vehicles (EVs) can help power systems balance generation and consumption and compensate for renewable energy output changes. This is achieved through the EV batteries, which can be charged when the grid frequency is high and discharged when it is low, a concept known as Vehicle to Grid (V۲G). In this paper, we present a new method for controlling EVs in a microgrid in order to reduce frequency deviations. To this end, we introduce a fuzzy controller with optimized membership functions and rules. In the proposed method, the state of charge (SOC) of an EV battery can be controlled while regulating frequency. Simulations conducted in the MATLAB environment demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

کلیدواژه ها:

Optimized fuzzy controller ، Vehicle to grid ، Frequency regulation ، State of charge ، Microgrid