Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and associate factors in Healthy Iranian Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency can have significant health implications for children and adolescents, affecting bone development, immune function, and overall well-being. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and associate factors in Iranian children and adolescents.Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, a search of online databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, CIVILICA, and Google Scholar) was conducted with no time limit up to March ۲۰۲۴. The quality of the information was evaluated using the STROBE tool.Results: Finally, ۳۳ related studies were included. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the children and adolescents was estimated to be ۴۷.۳۵% (ranged ۳-۹۱.۷%), with mean value ranged of ۷.۲۶+۲.۸۱ to ۳۱.۷۸+۱.۷۵ ng/dL. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the infants was estimated to be ۵۱% (ranged ۸.۷-۹۳.۳%) with mean value of ۲۸.۳+۱۹.۴ ng/dL. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in children and adolescents was estimated to be ۵۵.۶% (ranged ۱۱.۳-۱۰۰%). Prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher among girls than the boys. ۲۵(OH)D concentration was associated with BMI (p=۰.۰۰۰, r=-۰.۱۳), pubertal status (r=− ۰·۰۸, p=۰·۰۴), weight (p=۰.۰۰۰, r=-۰.۱۲), wc (r= -۰.۱۱۲, p=۰.۰۴۷), age (p=۰.۰۰۰, r=-۰.۱۳), height (p<۰.۰۵), pubertal status (r=− ۰·۰۸, p=۰·۰۴), exposure to sunlight (r =۰·۱۰, p =۰·۰۴), breast milk consumption (r=۰.۳, p=۰.۰۰۱), vitamin D supplementation (r=۰.۶, p=۰.۰۰۰), gender (p= ۰.۰۱), maternal vitamin D deficiency (p<۰.۰۱), and the areas (p<۰.۰۵).Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Iranian children and adolescents is alarmingly high, with various studies indicating significant rates across different age groups, gender, and regions. This deficiency poses serious health risks, necessitating urgent public health interventions.

کلیدواژه ها:

Prevalence ، Vitamin D deficiency ، Iran ، Related factors