Cryopreservation of Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Cryopreservation is a critical enabling technology in stem cell-based therapies, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine that provides stable and long-term storage of organelles, cells, tissues, or any other biological constructs. However, this technology faces challenges, including decreasing cell survival rates and using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a cytotoxic agent. Moreover, cryopreserving methods are time-consuming and expensive. Various cells and tissues, due to some reasons, such as different metabolic and functional characteristics, respond differentially to the cryopreservation protocols which cause diversities in viability after thawing. This review discusses methods currently used for optimized cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), and their advantages and disadvantages. Also, here we discuss about changing the DMSO, freezing rate, pre-freeze storage, and storage temperature that can improve the cryopreservation outcomes. Further studies are still needed to find better cryopreservation methods for stem cells.

کلیدواژه ها:

Cryopreservation ، Regenerative medicine ، Tissue engineering ، stem cells ، Hematopoietic Stem Cells ، Mesenchymal Stem Cells