Commercialized Look at The Assisted Reproductive Services Provided by a Third Party

Background: In the new millennium, the assisted reproductivetechnology has become a global business, and internationalmarkets of human gamete/embryo is considered a global healthproblem. Increased desire of people to use modern assisted reproductivetechnology on the one hand and the limitations ofgamete/embryo on the other hand has led human cells to betraded as a favorable product in international markets. Undoubtedly,the commercialization of reproduction is an issuewhich requires ethical considerations and necessary solutions.Materials and Methods: The present study is a review articlecarried out based on searching the keywords of "Infertility", "AssistedReproductive Technologies", "Gamete Donation", "EmbryoDonation", "Third Party Reproduction", "Medical Ethics"and "Medical Rights" from ۵ databases including PubMed, Webof Science, Scopus, Cochrane, EM Base and Med line.Results: Studies on the ethical and legal aspects of the gamete/embryo donation in different countries throughout theworld attribute this problem to economic gaps, differences inthe laws and policies of countries regarding the application ofthese technologies, weakness of the regulatory system, ignoringethical dimensions of the subject, and not including themin the existing laws. All of which result in the phenomenon ofreproductive tourism, looking at human gamete/embryo as agood, substitution of donation with business, doubts about thevalidity of assistive reproductive contracts with the participationof third parties, instrumental use of individuals for artificialreproduction, and conversion of service providers to marketlikeorganizations.Conclusion: Addressing the issues related to financial aspectsand commercial outcomes of gamete/embryo donation revealthat the use of such methods, without recognizing its variousaspects and creating suitable substrates for preventing any misuse,has changed this assistive reproductive method, which hasrealized the dream of many infertile couples on childbearing,to a global crisis. Undoubtedly, these outcomes are not favoredby the first therapists or policymakers in the field of infertilitytreatment, but they are rather inadvertently due to the combinationof specific conditions. In this regard, the following strategiescan be suggested; controlling misuses through regulations,planning, and legal definition of financial relations between donor/receiver of gamete/embryo, the use of insurance servicesfor a fair distribution of low-cost health facilities, a comprehensiveand coordinate international response, coordination ofdomestic laws of the countries, and developing solutions forinternational management of this global problem.

کلیدواژه ها:

Medical Ethics ، Medical Rights ، Third Party Reproduction ، Gamete Donation ، Embryo Donation